历史人物网 当前页面数据:
site-> {"id":1,"name":"历史人物网","domain":"https://ancestries.cn/","email":"1337608148@qq.com","wx":null,"icp":"鄂ICP备20003868号-3","code":"","json":"","title":"历史人物网","keywords":"历史人物, 古代名人, 近代历史人物, 历史伟人, 中国历史人物, 外国历史人物, 历史人物传记, 名人故事","description":"探索历史人物的丰富世界,了解他们的生平、成就和影响力。无论是古代名人还是近代伟人,这里都有详细的传记、名言和故事,帮助您深入了解历史的脉络与人物的传奇。","createdAt":null,"updatedAt":"2024-12-04T02:21:37.000Z"}
nav-> [{"id":1,"pid":0,"name":"历史人物","pinyin":"lishirenwu","path":"/lishirenwu","orderBy":0,"target":"0","status":"0","listView":"list.html","articleView":"article.html","seoTitle":"","seoKeywords":"","seoDescription":"","type":"0","level":1,"createdAt":"01-10"},{"id":2,"pid":0,"name":"历史文献","pinyin":"lishiwenxian","path":"/lishiwenxian","orderBy":0,"target":"0","status":"0","listView":"list.html","articleView":"article.html","seoTitle":"","seoKeywords":"","seoDescription":"","type":"0","level":1,"createdAt":"01-10"},{"id":3,"pid":0,"name":"历史地名","pinyin":"lishidiming","path":"/lishidiming","orderBy":0,"target":"0","status":"0","listView":"list.html","articleView":"article.html","seoTitle":"","seoKeywords":"","seoDescription":"","type":"0","level":1,"createdAt":"01-10"},{"id":4,"pid":0,"name":"历史官职","pinyin":"lishiguanzhi","path":"/lishiguanzhi","orderBy":0,"target":"0","status":"0","listView":"list.html","articleView":"article.html","seoTitle":"","seoKeywords":"","seoDescription":"","type":"0","level":1,"createdAt":"01-11"},{"id":5,"pid":0,"name":"大事记","pinyin":"dashiji","path":"/dashiji","orderBy":0,"target":"0","status":"0","listView":"list.html","articleView":"article-down.html","seoTitle":"","seoKeywords":"","seoDescription":"","type":"0","level":1,"createdAt":"01-10"},{"id":6,"pid":0,"name":"历史机构","pinyin":"lishijigou","path":"/lishijigou","orderBy":0,"target":"0","status":"0","listView":"list.html","articleView":"article.html","seoTitle":"","seoKeywords":"","seoDescription":"","type":"0","level":1,"createdAt":"01-10"},{"id":7,"pid":0,"name":"关于","pinyin":"about","path":"/about","orderBy":0,"target":"0","status":"0","listView":"list.html","articleView":"article.html","seoTitle":"","seoKeywords":"","seoDescription":"","type":"0","level":1,"createdAt":"01-11"}]
category-> [{"id":1,"pid":0,"name":"历史人物","pinyin":"lishirenwu","path":"/lishirenwu","orderBy":0,"target":"0","status":"0","listView":"list.html","articleView":"article.html","seoTitle":"","seoKeywords":"","seoDescription":"","type":"0","level":1,"createdAt":"01-10"},{"id":2,"pid":0,"name":"历史文献","pinyin":"lishiwenxian","path":"/lishiwenxian","orderBy":0,"target":"0","status":"0","listView":"list.html","articleView":"article.html","seoTitle":"","seoKeywords":"","seoDescription":"","type":"0","level":1,"createdAt":"01-10"},{"id":3,"pid":0,"name":"历史地名","pinyin":"lishidiming","path":"/lishidiming","orderBy":0,"target":"0","status":"0","listView":"list.html","articleView":"article.html","seoTitle":"","seoKeywords":"","seoDescription":"","type":"0","level":1,"createdAt":"01-10"},{"id":4,"pid":0,"name":"历史官职","pinyin":"lishiguanzhi","path":"/lishiguanzhi","orderBy":0,"target":"0","status":"0","listView":"list.html","articleView":"article.html","seoTitle":"","seoKeywords":"","seoDescription":"","type":"0","level":1,"createdAt":"01-11"},{"id":5,"pid":0,"name":"大事记","pinyin":"dashiji","path":"/dashiji","orderBy":0,"target":"0","status":"0","listView":"list.html","articleView":"article-down.html","seoTitle":"","seoKeywords":"","seoDescription":"","type":"0","level":1,"createdAt":"01-10"},{"id":6,"pid":0,"name":"历史机构","pinyin":"lishijigou","path":"/lishijigou","orderBy":0,"target":"0","status":"0","listView":"list.html","articleView":"article.html","seoTitle":"","seoKeywords":"","seoDescription":"","type":"0","level":1,"createdAt":"01-10"},{"id":7,"pid":0,"name":"关于","pinyin":"about","path":"/about","orderBy":0,"target":"0","status":"0","listView":"list.html","articleView":"article.html","seoTitle":"","seoKeywords":"","seoDescription":"","type":"0","level":1,"createdAt":"01-11"}]
friendlink-> {"count":3,"total":1,"current":1,"list":[{"id":3,"title":"历史人物网","link":"https://ancestries.cn","orderBy":0,"createdAt":"2024-12-04T02:39:53.000Z","updatedAt":"2024-12-04T02:39:53.000Z"},{"id":2,"title":"微芒计划","link":"https://kestrel-task.cn","orderBy":1,"createdAt":"2024-12-04T02:39:31.000Z","updatedAt":"2024-12-04T02:39:31.000Z"},{"id":1,"title":"ChanCMS官网","link":"https://www.chancms.top","orderBy":0,"createdAt":"2024-10-02T06:12:45.000Z","updatedAt":"2024-10-02T06:12:45.000Z"}]}
base_url-> /public/template/default
frag--->{"PowerBy":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Powder By <a href=\"http://www.chancms.top\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ChanCMS v3.0.7</a></p>","chancms":"历史人物网是一个专注于历史人物生平、成就和影响的在线平台。它汇集了从古至今各个领域的杰出人物资料,包括政治家、科学家、艺术家等。通过丰富的内容和互动功能,网站旨在帮助用户深入了解历史人物,探索他们的故事,以及他们对世界的贡献。"}
tag--->[{"id":1,"name":"历史人物","path":"lishirenwu","count":7},{"id":2,"name":"人物故事","path":"renwugushi","count":5}]
position------>[{"id":1,"pid":0,"name":"历史人物","pinyin":"lishirenwu","path":"/lishirenwu","orderBy":0,"target":"0","status":"0","listView":"list.html","articleView":"article.html","seoTitle":"","seoKeywords":"","seoDescription":"","type":"0","level":1,"createdAt":"01-10"}]
navSub------>{"cate":{"id":1,"pid":0,"name":"历史人物","pinyin":"lishirenwu","path":"/lishirenwu","orderBy":0,"target":"0","status":"0","listView":"list.html","articleView":"article.html","seoTitle":"","seoKeywords":"","seoDescription":"","type":"0","level":1,"createdAt":"01-10"},"id":1}
article------>{"id":15,"cid":1,"subCid":null,"title":"王安石","shortTitle":"","tagId":"2","attr":"1,2,3,4","articleView":"","source":"","author":"","description":"","img":"","content":"<p>王安石(1021年12月19日-1086年5月21日),字介甫,号半山,临川盐阜岭(今江西省抚州市东乡县)人,生于宋真宗天禧五年,卒于宋哲宗元佑元年,由于被封为荆国公,后人常称他为“王荆公”。王安石是北宋著名的政治家、文学家、思想家,实官至司空、尚书左仆射、观文殿大学士、镇南军节度使。他去世后被追赠为太傅,谥曰文,享年66岁。<br><img src=\"https://www.yanyuzhai.cn/uploads/allimg/1902/1-1Z226100432649.jpg\" alt=\"王安石\" style=\"width: 300px; height: 402px; margin-left: 5px; margin-right: 5px; float: left;\"> 王安石文思敏捷,被后世称为唐宋八大家之一。除在文学的造诣,王安石对传统的经学也有研究,创立了在当时具有卓越影响力的学派——荆公新学,他的思想对宋明之季的经学学习产生了极大的影响,在当时也获得了很多关注。尽管王安石主要修习儒家学说,他秉持实务的主义,从周礼、荀子、韩非子和商君书(商子)等其他经籍、论着中吸取经验,后世学界多因此结合王安石所主持的熙宁变法而认为王安石传承于法家。除此之外,王安石对道教、佛教也有了解,并留有多篇著述。欧阳修曾作诗“翰林风月三千首,吏部文章二百年。老去自怜心尚在,后来谁与子争先”称赞王安石。<br> 王安石现有《临川集》、《临川集拾遗》等文集存世,其内包含了他一生所作文章、诗词。王安石著名的《泊船瓜洲》“春风又绿江南岸,明月何时照我还。”等诗句及《洪范传》等著述都被载录于其中。<br> 王安石既在文学方面获得了全世界的认知,也在政治一途有所建树,对宋代中国产生了深远的影响。他在庆历二年考中进士,先后于江苏、浙江、安徽、河南等地为官,这二十年中他广泛地接触了社会生活,对社会上的各种问题有了比较深刻的认识。直至熙宁年间担任宰相后发动改革,史称“熙宁变法”或“王安石变法”,是中国历史上一次著名的变法改革。王安石的基本思想根植于不盲从一定的权威、不信奉一成不变的教条,进行改革时对现实有清醒的认识,以及正确的技术与计算。希望将“财政税收大规模的商业化”。熙宁变法引起了朝廷内部新派与保守派之间的激烈冲突,史称“新旧党争”,最终在各种原因的阻隔下王安石所实施的变法基本失败。此次变法在历史上多被评价为立意良善但王安石本人能力不足而失败,宋史学家漆侠提出变法成功和失败的地方都值得垂鉴后世。<br> <strong>早年</strong><br> 王安石的父亲为王益,官至都官员外郎。宋天禧五年(1021年)十一月十三日,王益时任临江军判官,在临江府任职时王安石降生。王安石小的时候经常跟随长辈游玩于临川附近的山丘、溪水,后来前往外地为官后也在其文章中表明对故乡的思念之情。同时,他也喜好读书,看文章时过目不忘,写文章时动笔如飞,看起来写得漫不经心,但是写完后见到的人都佩服他的文章非常精妙,于是曾巩带着王安石的文章入京展示给欧阳修,欧阳修看过后也向周围传播了王安石的才能。当王安石十三岁时,王益的父亲去世,王安石不得不跟随父亲继续留在临川三年。在此期间,王安石因自己的诗文造诣而极为自负,因而“乘闲弄笔戏春色”,对于当时的生计问题不放在心上,不以孔孟为标准来行事。<br> 景佑四年,王益调为建康府通判,王安石也随他过去。在四月份抵达后,王安石突然自悟,有了“男儿少壮不树立,挟此穷老将安归?”的感慨,是故继续专注于读书,谢绝了各种活动。宝元二年,王益于任上去世,王安石非常悲痛,在守丧的三年中持续厌食。<br> <strong>仁宗朝</strong><br> 庆历二年三月,时年二十二的王安石进士及第,登杨宝榜进士甲科。在评卷时,本来王安石被评为第一,但是由于他文中所写的“孺子其朋”犯仁宗忌讳,降为第四,原本第四的杨寘则升为第一。宋代学者王铚认为王安石尽管知道他本为状元,在后生中却不张扬,这是气量高大的体现。后王安石在四月二十三日以第四名的成绩被赐为校书郎,出为签书淮南东路节度判官公事。在出发前王安石还特地致书好友王令,想要在扬州会面。此时曾巩正向欧阳修描述他所认为的当世之急,于书信最后提起王安石,说他对朝廷的用处很大,推荐给了欧阳修。<br> 庆历五年,资政殿学士韩琦知扬州,成为王安石的上司。由于王安石当时经常通宵读书,早晨前往官衙的时候十分疲倦,并蓬头垢面、不加梳洗,这使得韩琦误以为他夜夜笙歌。而后有一天韩琦遇到王安石后,劝诫王安石说:“君少年,无废书,不可自弃。”,于是王安石在离开官衙和人讨论时说:“韩公非知我者。”<br> 当时规定任职期满后可以进献文章以换取馆阁职位,然而时为殿中丞的王安石在经历多个任期后依旧没有陈上任何文章,朝廷令他前去试职,也被他以家贫亲老的理由辞官拒绝,遂于庆历七年在文彦博和欧阳修的推荐下被调任为鄞县知县。<br> <strong>变法雏形</strong><br> 鄞县在明州治下,属于现代浙江省宁波地区。在鄞县任职期间,王安石依旧喜好读书,并每三天都会过览县事,也在当地小范围试验他的新政。他先观察了当地的具体情况,他发现尽管鄞县临海,没有洪涝的忧患,但是也有干旱的忧虑。早在吴越国统治时期,因鄞县跨负江海,当地设置了营田卒吏,负责修建疏浚水利设施并蓄藏山谷来水。后来营田官吏相继被废除,本来建造好的水利工程在此后的六七十年中渐渐壅塞,来自山川的水无法储存,全部流入海中,若是遇到少雨的季节就会大旱。于是王安石于庆历七年十月份上书两浙转运使杜杞,向他阐述了对鄞县的水利工程进行改进的想法,并在最后得到了杜杞的同意。十一月时王安石便再次视察了全县的水利工程,实地观察百姓的劳作。他在旅途期间察看禊工采石造闸,并因地制宜,令百姓修筑长塘。王安石在确认了全县的情况后回到了县城并写就《鄞县经游记》一篇记载他的所见所闻。在接下来的三年中,王安石陆续完善了这些水利工程,还修建了多处堤堰并挖掘了很多陂塘。在这些工程中,位于鄞县东乡的东钱湖受到了王安石的重视,在他的指导下,百姓沿着东钱湖周围开垦了荒田,使得东钱湖可以用于灌溉庄稼。根据记载,东钱湖可以多满足五十亩田的灌溉任务,并保证了庄稼在旱年的生存率。<br> 王安石为了应付青黄不接的季节,向百姓贷出了存在官仓的谷粮,等到秋天田地收获后再加上利息偿还,这样不但使得官仓内的陈粮可以换成新粮,当地的人也觉得十分便利;后来王安石的青苗法就是以此为基础发展出来的。免役法、方田均税法、保甲法都被王安石在鄞县得到了实施,也为他后来将新法推行天下打下了基础。<br> 除去在经济、农桑、水利上的各种新政策,王安石对当地的教育也付出了极大的关注,后在《慈溪县学记》中王安石详细描述了他当时的治学理念。<br> 庆历九年,王安石即将离任,这时浙东转运司下令要求每个县多缴纳不少钱,名为“购人捕盐”,希望用这些钱悬赏、鼓励百姓揭发那些违法私自贩盐的行为。王安石在接到命令后回书浙东转运使,他在书中认为这种举动十分不妥,他说就算现在用重利诱惑民众抓人,当地的艚户等人都会收到很大的影响;鄞县的大户最多也就百亩田地,他们要出钱必然会有卖了田地的人,这些钱给了无赖不是正确的做法;这样一来会形成恶性循环,大家只为利而奔波,小民越加困苦,这不是处理政事的正途。<br> 经过三年的任期后,王安石回到临川。尽管在此前的十年中王安石从未试图投文章于贵人门下以求速进,皇佑三年三月,再次拜相的文彦博举荐了他,以他淡泊名利为由请朝廷越级提拔,用以遏制当时为名利所奔走的官场风气。同一时间,王安石的同年陈襄也上书举荐,于是朝廷召王安石试任馆职。王安石在试后拒绝就职,并言明他拒绝是有原因的,但是淡泊名利并不是他的本意。数年后,欧阳修想举荐王安石为谏官,朝中大多异口同声也都对王安石赞誉有加,却被王安石以祖母岁数已高而拒绝。后《宋史》记载王安石来自楚地,在朝中本就不知名,他为借助韩、吕两家的权势与韩维、吕公着形成很好的关系,三人一同被称扬,王安石这才声望更盛。清代学者蔡上翔认为宋史所采纳的这一说法是源自当时诋毁者的,并举证说文彦博在皇佑三年一同举荐王安石、韩维两人;陈襄当时也是因为王安石在文学、政事方面的声名已经流传在外才举荐的;他随后总结说自皇佑到熙宁二十年间,王安石本就名满天下,连范仲淹、富弼都为其所称道,韩维、吕公着应依靠他才能扬名。<br> 皇佑三年末,王安石再被召去试就馆职,中书下状免试,让王安石直接前去舒州。皇佑四年,王安石抵达舒州并就任通判,得知范仲淹去世后为范仲淹写了一篇祭文,在其中称范仲淹为一世之师。在舒州任上,王安石曾作诗描述了他在任上的所见所闻。他认为舒州相比而言相当于“荒郡”,当地百姓连丰收的年份都无法吃饱饭,还指出了当时赋税对于百姓而言负担过重,同时也因自认为百姓的父母而惭愧。在后来的三年内,王安石走访了舒州各地,他发现最后市集上依旧会有人抛弃婴儿,不同地方的人家没有足够的储粮,甚至连乡间豪绅都没有余粮。<br> 至和元年,王安石在欧阳修的推荐下为群牧判官,他依旧坚持拒绝试馆职,被朝廷留在京师为差遣。时任馆阁校勘的沈康非常不满,他面见陈执中,说王安石资历浅薄,本人又不肯就任,他(沈康)愿意替代王安石为群牧判官。陈执中听后回答说朝廷优待王安石给了他差遣官,馆阁官本就是为有才能的人所准备的,你(沈康)如此斤斤计较颜何厚也。沈康听后知道无法达到自己的目的,沮丧的离去了。至和二年,欧阳修上札子推荐了王安石和吕公着,说王安石品行端正,多次不去试职馆阁,文才也很好,还拥有丰富的经验。因此中书省下诏特授王安石为集贤校理,却被他拒绝了。<br> <strong>上万言书</strong><br> 至和三年二月,王安石在开封和之前对他多有提拔的欧阳修相见,两人分作《赠介甫》、《奉酬永叔见赠》二诗。欧阳修在见到王安石的回诗之后,以为王安石不过徒有虚名,韩愈何曾吏部文章二百年,王安石便说,欧阳修读书未博也。这一次会面在时人及后世学者的眼中,多认为王安石的回诗是在对欧阳修表达不满之情。回家后,王安石又致书给欧阳修,在内表达了他这次会面还有很多话要讲,并解释了他多次拒绝就试的根本原因在于他的家庭有婚嫁葬送需要操办,而万一被选上,法理上一年内不得离开京师。紧接着在七月份,欧阳修便再次举荐王安石,更是将他和吕公着、包拯、张瓌并为“四贤”。<br> 嘉佑元年十二月,王安石再次被调任,成为提点开封府界诸县镇公事。他当时写上执政书,特地要求前往外地为官。在书内,他解释说了当时他家庭还有婚礼、送葬等事需要解决,而他也并非为了剥削地方百姓来供养家族;另一方面,他还说了他一边读书一边还要处理政务使他时常昏聩做事,提及他在生病的情况下更是无力担任这样一个职位;最后他希望在“东南宽闲之区”当一名地方官,这样一来也能施行他学的经世术学。<br> 嘉佑二年四月,王安石被任为常州(今江苏省常州市)知州。他在出行前拜访了欧阳修,尽管欧阳修当时府上有客人,依旧接待了王安石。而王安石在走后特地再修书于欧阳修,指出当时因为有客人不能畅所欲言,并在书中详细的解释了他不想要通过馆阁试职留在行在的原因。王安石五月份出发,当六月到达楚州的时候,因他的七弟王安礼生病而不得不停留一个多月,后又于扬州得知自己的小儿子夭折,直到七月四日才抵达常州任职。他抵达后发现当地领导官员更换频繁,而且还有旱灾,政事纷冗。他将这些情况致书与欧阳修知道,后欧阳修也曾寄书王安石表示其思念之意。而作为常州的知州,王安石也需要对地方长官如转运使等报告治下所闻,另一方面也致书启一封至中书。他在书启中提到了他先前已对欧阳修所说的所见所闻,还特意提出他希望延长在任时间,以便看到自己所做所为能起到成效。<br> 王安石在其任期内曾有一次水利工程,他上书浙西转运使,想要使用他在鄞县的做法开凿运河,认为这条运河会对当地农业有很大的好处。然而转运使并不支持此项工程,王安石本来准备下令从周边县治调集民夫,由于转运使的态度,他所调动的民夫数额比计划中的少。尽管王安石依旧试图开掘运河,工程的进度被放慢。时任宜兴县知县的司马旦知道后劝诫他说这次工程太大,民夫不一定有能力一次性解决,希望王安石下令让诸县每年修一些,虽然会缓慢一些,最后总会完成,王安石却没有听劝。当时秋天的时候一直在下雨,导致很多民夫工作劳苦生病,最后还死了很多人,导致挖掘运河的工程不得不停止。事后,刘敞曾写信给王安石用此事戏讽了王安石,并劝告王安石不要一直有意于改革地方。王安石在回信中说了他此次停止挖掘运河的具体缘由,指出这事先是劳人费财,而又无法为以后带来利益,这让他非常愧疚悔恨。<br> 因为这件事情,王安石出任常州不久就被调任,官职为提点江南东路刑狱。王安石就此任命上书曾公亮,试图辞去这一任命。他解释说他母亲年事已高,需要子嗣在旁照顾,而提刑江东一职正需要他本人在辖区内奔走,自认不能胜任这样的职务。最后中央没有撤回任命,王安石于嘉佑三年正月抵达饶州,替代沈康为提点江南东路刑狱,沈康则易为常州知州。王安石还写诗相赠。<br> 十月下旬,王安石被召回京师述职,他向仁宗上《上仁宗皇帝言事书》[g]述职,在其中详细分析了他在江南东路所见所闻,提出了他对当时政治的看法。他在疏中说现在天下越来越穷困,世风日下,是因为现在的人不了解法规制度,不效法先王时政;而为了让大家效法先王,是要效法其精神;效法其精神之后,他的改革就不会惊扰天下人;依靠天下的人力生产天下的财富,又征收天下的财富来供给天下,自古以来的忧患根本是不懂得理财之道;因此希望陛下(仁宗)明察,改革朝廷。因此王安石被升为三司度支判官。吕祖谦认为王安石的熙宁变法就是按照这份万言书为大纲而推行的。<br> 嘉佑四年,吕公着被任命为天章阁侍讲,被他以病为由辞去,推荐了司马光和王安石来顶替,最终没有报上。三月二十二日,中书省升王安石为集贤校理,王安石没隔几日就上疏拒绝,在内说他资历不够,这次他被升官也是因为有人推荐而不是于馆阁供职一年再通过考试才有的;四月五日,中书再下碟让王安石立刻就职,不可辞免,王安石便再上第二疏拒绝,在疏内他继续解释说朝廷优待他,让他免试就可以入职,这样会使得很多人“立小异以近名,托虚名以邀利”,就算改进法律也无法阻止如此恶习。;仅仅四天后,中书第三次下通牒,王安石再次上疏,坚持说他不能因此就破坏考试的制度,更是用“匹夫不可夺志”为由拒绝;等到四月二十四日,中书继续下札子给王安石,于是王安石第四次上疏拒绝,提出尽管不能因为礼数就不断的推让,他依旧要遵守自己的义,希望中书把授官追还。直到五月份,中书、门下以王安石多次拒绝试职为由,第五次下诏让他供职于集贤院。当时很多士大夫都以为他无意仕途,恨不能认识他,而朝廷多次委任也是怕他不就任。王安石这次终于不再继续拒绝,接受了这个职位。<br> 嘉佑五年初,辽国贺正旦使回程辽国,王安石被安排为送伴使陪送至宋、辽边境的拒马河。在此期间,辽使曾为王安石置宴,途中王安石也着有很多有关北方的诗作。王安石在回程后便于四月被命一同修撰起居注,当门吏送敕命到他府上的时候,被他拒绝了。于是门吏向他下拜,请求他收下,不想他又躲到了厕所,等到门吏离去,将敕命留在桌上后,却被他追上去将敕命交还给门吏。次日他就上疏,说他去年才入馆,时间尚短,才能又没有异于常人,想要辞去这个职务。第二天一早,他又上疏补充了他的观点,说他的确是不要这个官,但不仅仅是因为他的私义,更是因为要遵守朝廷的用人法度。紧接着同一天他再次上疏,强调了他的资历短浅,又说了他这段时间所谓勤勉的工作其实都是写虚文,不能接受新的职位。后又连上三疏,仔细解释了他不能违反道德观念、不能当一个为了私利而放弃大义的人,坚决拒绝中书的命令。次日王安石还是收到了中书的敕书,他便再上疏表明自己的心迹,希望“哀臣恳迫”,把任命收回。然而中书省依旧没有放弃,王安石不得不继续上疏,又连续写了五本本章,最后无法拒绝,只能被朝廷任为同修起居注。<br> 嘉佑六年六月,王安石升为知制诰,并纠察在京刑狱。他在任期间,开封府受理了一个案件:有一个少年拥有一只善斗的鹌鹑,他的朋友找他要这只鹌鹑却被拒绝,朋友则仗着两个人平时关系亲密强行拿走了鹌鹑,最后反被少年追上去杀死了他。开封府的官员判决给这个少年死刑,王安石反驳他们说这个少年的朋友在他不给的情况下拿走鹌鹑是盗窃的行为,少年杀死他则是缉捕盗贼,尽管杀死了人,却也不应该追究他的责任。接着王安石就上疏弹劾了开封府官员,说他们将不该判刑的人判了刑。开封府官员不服他的论断,使得这个案件被皇帝下放给大理寺和审刑院继续审判。然而最后的结果是他们也同意了开封府的判决,皇帝下诏免去王安石的罪过,被王安石以“我无罪”反驳并不肯去答谢。多位御史因此事弹劾王安石,皇帝也没有继续追究,对那些奏疏置之不理。<br> 这时有诏令规定说舍人院不能申请删除、修改诏令的文字,王安石上疏争辩。他说如果如同诏令所说的来,那么舍人就无法履行到他们所应该有的指责,尽管不是大臣故意要侵夺舍人的权利,立法也不能这样;软弱的大臣不敢帮助陛下遵守法纪,强横的却可以假陛下的旨意下令,言官都没有敢忤逆的,这样的事情让他感到害怕。这段言论都在针对当时的执政党,使得王安石和他们更加的抵触。在魏泰《东轩杂记》中记载此事其实是由于萧注之事所导致的,王安石和韩琦本来就不合,后更是因此疏和韩琦的关系更加恶劣。<br> <strong>仁宗驾崩</strong><br> 嘉佑七年十一月二十四日,王安石被升任为同勾当三班院。不久之后仁宗便驾崩了,王安石因此辞官为仁宗服丧。直到治平二年,王安石才被单方面恢复工部郎中、知制诰等职。<br> 嘉佑八年八月,王安石的母亲吴氏去世,他不得不退出朝政为母亲服丧。在王安石母亲的丧礼时,诸多士大夫都在吊丧,唯独苏洵没有参加,并写了一篇《辨奸》叙述王安石的为人,认为他最后必将为祸天下。</p>\n<div style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong> 辨奸</strong></div>\n<p><span style=\"text-align: center;\"> “事有必至,理有固然,惟天下之静者乃能见微而知着。月晕而风,疏润而雨,人人知之。人事之推移,理势之相因,其疏阔而难知,变化而不可测者,孰与天地阴阳之事,而贤者有不知,其故何也?好恶乱其中而利害夺其外也。昔者羊叔子见王衍曰:“误天下苍生者,必此人也。”,郭汾阳见卢杞曰:“此人得志,吾子孙无遗类矣。”。自今而言之,其理固有可见者。以吾观之,王衍之为人,容貌言语固有以欺世而盗名者,然不忮不求,与物浮沉,使晋无惠帝,仅得中主,虽衍百千,何従而乱天下乎?卢杞之奸,固足以败国,然而不学无文,容貌不足以动人,言语不足以眩世,非德宗之鄙暗,亦何従而用之。由是言之,二公之料二子,亦容有未必然也。今有人口诵孔、老之言,身履夷、齐之行,收召好名之士、不得志之人,相与造作言语,私立名字,以为颜渊、孟轲复出,而阴贼险狠与人异趣,是王衍、卢杞合而为一人也,其祸岂可胜言哉。夫面垢不忘洗,衣垢不忘浣,此人之至情也。今也不然,衣巨虏之衣,食犬彘之食,囚首丧面而谈《诗》、《书》,此岂其情也哉?凡事之不近人情者,鲜不为大奸慝,竖刁、易牙、开方是也。以盖世之名而济其未形之患,虽有愿治之主、好贤之相,犹将举而用之,则其为天下患必然而无疑者,非特二子之比也。孙子曰:“善用兵者无赫赫之功。”使斯人而不用也,则吾言为过,而斯人有不遇之叹,孰知祸之至于此哉?不然,天下将被其祸,而吾获知言之名,悲夫!”</span><br> <strong>辨奸论争议</strong><br> 早在嘉佑五年,苏轼被授河南府福昌县主薄,王安石亲自题写了制词,他在内对苏轼的才能多有夸赞。而当欧阳修劝说苏轼的父亲苏询同王安石交游时,苏洵拒绝了,他说王安石不近人情,很难不会祸害天下。他在后来写的这篇《辨奸论》中断定王安石为人阴险贼恶,更用王衍、卢杞、竖刁、易牙、开方等人为例,说天下将被其祸。由于辨奸论文章本身来源不够清晰,学界对辨奸论的真实性做过多次研究。《辨奸论》本被收入《邵氏闻见前录》、通行本《嘉佑集》(宋本《嘉佑集》无此文)及《三朝名臣言行录》等书,清代政治家、史学家李绂在他的《穆堂初稿》所收录的评论《书<辨奸论) 后中》中指出《辨奸论》最早见于《邵氏闻见前录》,张方平所作苏询墓表及苏轼谢张方平撰墓表书被怀疑是以《辨奸论》为目的而写出来的。在清代学者蔡上翔在《王荆公年谱考略》一书中同意了李绂,认为辨奸论等都是伪作。现代的学术界对辨奸论依旧留存着极大的争议,早在1979年,周本淳先生发表论文说《辨奸论》并非伪作。在文中,周本淳认为苏询《辨奸论》被收入张方平《乐全集》苏询墓表, 胡仔《苔溪渔隐丛话后集》、叶梦得《石林避暑录话》均提及此事,因此可以断定《辨奸论》确为苏询所作,李绂的考证被指不堪一驳。刘乃昌先生借周本淳先生论文反驳说苏询写《辨奸论》是不可能的,他认为苏洵与王安石接触都不多,不会一见面即咬定王安石的本性。在他的《苏轼同王安石的交往》一文中,他提出王安石推行新法, 是苏洵去世数年以后的事,无论依照《邵氏闻见前录》定在嘉佑初, 或据《乐全集》定在嘉佑末, 距离王安石当政依旧有十数年。其他学者在此问题上也多做过评论,在学界内一直没有统一定论。</p>","status":0,"pv":266,"link":"","createdAt":"2024-12-04T13:28:23.000Z","updatedAt":"2025-01-22T13:35:22.000Z","field":{},"tags":[{"id":2,"path":"renwugushi","name":"人物故事"}]}
article.tags------>[{"id":2,"path":"renwugushi","name":"人物故事"}]
news------>[{"id":29,"title":"严世蕃简介","shortTitle":"","img":"/public/uploads/default/2024/12/07/1733557918314_source_111.png","createdAt":"2024-12-07T07:48:45.000Z","description":"","pinyin":"lishirenwu","name":"历史人物","path":"/lishirenwu"},{"id":28,"title":"卧龙先生诸葛亮","shortTitle":"","img":"/public/uploads/default/2024/12/07/1733557542324_source_微信å¾ç_20241207154516(1).png","createdAt":"2024-12-07T07:44:35.000Z","description":"","pinyin":"lishirenwu","name":"历史人物","path":"/lishirenwu"},{"id":27,"title":"稼轩居士辛弃疾","shortTitle":"","img":"","createdAt":"2024-12-07T07:41:31.000Z","description":"","pinyin":"lishirenwu","name":"历史人物","path":"/lishirenwu"},{"id":18,"title":"司马迁","shortTitle":"","img":"","createdAt":"2024-12-04T14:03:53.000Z","description":"","pinyin":"lishirenwu","name":"历史人物","path":"/lishirenwu"},{"id":17,"title":"韩信","shortTitle":"","img":"","createdAt":"2024-12-04T14:02:56.000Z","description":"","pinyin":"lishirenwu","name":"历史人物","path":"/lishirenwu"},{"id":16,"title":"王阳明(王守仁)","shortTitle":"","img":"","createdAt":"2024-12-04T13:28:57.000Z","description":"","pinyin":"lishirenwu","name":"历史人物","path":"/lishirenwu"},{"id":15,"title":"王安石","shortTitle":"","img":"","createdAt":"2024-12-04T13:28:23.000Z","description":"","pinyin":"lishirenwu","name":"历史人物","path":"/lishirenwu"},{"id":14,"title":"倾国倾城博美人一笑的周幽王","shortTitle":"","img":"","createdAt":"2024-11-09T10:40:34.000Z","description":"","pinyin":"lishirenwu","name":"历史人物","path":"/lishirenwu"}]
hot------>[{"id":28,"title":"卧龙先生诸葛亮","path":"/lishirenwu"},{"id":27,"title":"稼轩居士辛弃疾","path":"/lishirenwu"},{"id":29,"title":"严世蕃简介","path":"/lishirenwu"},{"id":16,"title":"王阳明(王守仁)","path":"/lishirenwu"},{"id":15,"title":"王安石","path":"/lishirenwu"},{"id":18,"title":"司马迁","path":"/lishirenwu"},{"id":14,"title":"倾国倾城博美人一笑的周幽王","path":"/lishirenwu"},{"id":17,"title":"韩信","path":"/lishirenwu"}]
imgs------>[{"id":29,"title":"严世蕃简介","shortTitle":"","img":"/public/uploads/default/2024/12/07/1733557918314_source_111.png","createdAt":"2024-12-07T07:48:45.000Z","description":"","pinyin":"lishirenwu","name":"历史人物","path":"/lishirenwu"},{"id":28,"title":"卧龙先生诸葛亮","shortTitle":"","img":"/public/uploads/default/2024/12/07/1733557542324_source_微信å¾ç_20241207154516(1).png","createdAt":"2024-12-07T07:44:35.000Z","description":"","pinyin":"lishirenwu","name":"历史人物","path":"/lishirenwu"}]
pre------>{"id":14,"title":"倾国倾城博美人一笑的周幽王","name":"历史人物","path":"/lishirenwu"}
next------>{"id":16,"title":"王阳明(王守仁)","name":"历史人物","path":"/lishirenwu"}